How is Nitrous Oxide used?
Commonly known as ‘laughing gas’ or ‘nangs’ nitrous oxide [N2O] is a colourless, non-flammable gas that is used in food catering and medical settings. It is sometimes referred to as an inhalant.
While nitrous oxide is used widely in medical settings, such as in anaesthesia and pain management, this does not mean that it is risk-free to inhale outside of these highly regulated settings. When used in a medical capacity, patients are carefully monitored, and nitrous oxide is dispensed in combination with oxygen.
When used recreationally, the gas dispensed from the canister contains 100% nitrous oxide. Inhaling nitrous oxide, especially in large quantities or frequently in the same sitting can displace the oxygen in the lungs, which can lead to asphyxia. Although rare, the most common cause of death associated with nitrous oxide is due to accidental asphyxia according to a study of autopsy reports.
Nitrous oxide poses both immediate and long-term risks and there is no ‘safe’ level of use, and the more people use the higher the risk of harm.
Using nitrous oxide is dangerous and not recommended. There are some considerations which may minimise the risk of inhaling nitrous oxide.
Nitrous Oxide harm minimisation
The gas should never be inhaled directly from the canister as it comes out under high pressure and is very cold, which can damage the throat and lungs.
Inhaling with the use of a bag over the head or in an enclosed space increases affixation risk. A well-ventilated area ensures that the gas can disperse properly.
Using nitrous oxide while standing presents a risk of falling and injury. Nitrous oxide should be used away from immediate danger, such as water or campfires. There have been reported situational deaths related to nitrous oxide. In Australia, an 18-year-old fell to his death from a balcony and a 30-year-old drowned in a spa, both under the influence of nitrous oxide.
Mixing nitrous oxide with alcohol and GHB, or other depressants, can be especially dangerous, as when combined they are more likely to lead to unexpected loss of consciousness, black outs, and risk of asphyxiation.
Care should also be taken if mixing with drugs like amphetamines or MDMA as this combination can increase the disorienting effect and cause serious anxiety and panic.
Nitrous oxide should not be used alone or in secluded places.
Be alert to the side effects [listed below] such as tingling, pins & needles, or numbness, immediately cease use and seek medical attention from a doctor or hospital.
What are the immediate effects of Nitrous Oxide?
The effects may start to be felt immediately and can last a couple of minutes, with some effects lasting up to 30 – 40 minutes.
What are the effects of large amounts of Nitrous Oxide in one sitting?
Because nitrous oxide is short-acting, some individuals may use a large amount of the drug in one sitting to maintain the high, leading to nitrous oxide poisoning and other serious conditions, such as:
fainting
unsteady gait, stumbling
acute psychosis
changes to blood pressure and heartrate, especially when combined with other drugs
Inhaling nitrous oxide can be fatal if the person does not get enough oxygen, which is known as hypoxia
Sudden death
What are the long-term dangers of Nitrous Oxide?
Long-term and excessive use of nitrous oxide can cause vitamin B12 inactivation, meaning the body is unable to use B12 and taking a B12 supplement will not prevent the inactivation. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell creation, nerve health, and cell and tissue repair. A deficiency can have severe consequences, leading to a degenerative disease of the nervous system affecting the spinal cord and brain. This causes nerve damage which can result in loss of physical movement and disability and can be permanent.
Other long-term effects include:
Note regarding regulation:
NSW Health is currently undertaking public consultation on a proposal to regulate the sale and supply of nitrous oxide (other than for human therapeutic use) learn more at https://www.haveyoursay.nsw.gov.au/nitrous-oxide-reform
Getting help
If you think you may have a problem with nitrous oxide (N2O) it may be time to have a discussion with your doctor / GP, a social worker or counsellor.
For free and confidential advice 24/7 call Family Drug Support on 1300 368 186 or Alcohol and Drug Information Service (ADIS) on 1800 250 015. This hotline provides confidential support for people struggling with addiction. You can call the Alcohol Drug Information Service (ADIS) 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Or start a Web Chat with an ADIS counsellor online Monday to Friday, 8.30am – 5pm.
Learn more about nitrous oxide at Your Room and download the fact sheet here
